Adverbs

•   Adverbs of manner are formed from adjectives by changing -e to -em:

klare clear — klarem clearly.

If the adjective ends in a consonant, -em is added:

santush satisfied, contented — santushem contentedly.

In other cases the adverb has the same form:

hao — good; well
kway — quick; quickly

•   Adverbs may be derived from nouns and verbs with "-nem" (from -ney) or "-shem" (from -she):

amiga — friend
amiga-ney — friend's, friendly
amiga-nem — in a friendly way

rega — king/queen
rega-ney — king's/queen's, kingly/queenly, regal
rega-nem — regally

ofensi — to offend
ofensi-ney — offended, resentful
ofensi-nem — offendedly
ofensi-she — offensive
ofensi-shem — in offensive way

respekti — to respect
respekti-she — respecting
respekti-shem — in respecting way, respectfully

grumbli — to grumble
grumbli-she — grumbling
grumbli-shem — grumblingly

ahfi — to hide, conceal
ahfi-shem — stealthily.

•   Underived adverbs may end differently:

poy — then, later
wek — away
uupar — up
for — further, on, forth.

•   Here are some spatial and temporal adverbs and prepositions:

avan — forward (where to?)
avanen — ahead (of) (at what place?)
aus — out (where to?)
ausen — outside (at what place?)
bak — back(wards)
baken — behind
in — in
inu — into
inen — inside;
a flanka — sideways
flanken — on one side
a lefta — to the left
leften — at the left (of)
a desna — to the right
desnen — at the right (of)
nich — down(wards)
nichen — down (at what place?)
uupar — up(wards)
uuparen — up (at what place?)
miden — in the middle of
afte — after
aften — afterwards, later on
bifoo — before
bifooen — formerly

One can see that the spatial adverbs expressing movement towards a certain point end in different ways, while those expressing being in (at) a certain point end in -en (this ending is unstressed).

•   Some adverbs are composed of (abridged) words:

kadalok — everywhere
enitaim — anytime
koygrad — to some extent

•   The preposition pa (of a wide meaning) introduces an adverbial phrase:

pa fortuna — fortunately
pa aksham — in the evening
pa un-ney kansa — by first sight
shwo pa LdP — speak LdP